PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.
